oyostepper

Tips on How to Choose Stepper Motors For CNC Routers

Generally, you are going to need at last NEMA23 from 175oz/in upwards unless your machine is very small such as a CNC engraver. These are quite often used for making Printed Circuit Boards(PCB) and if you check the description they will say only for soft materials.

So let’s look at a couple of examples.

For routers, the cutting material plays a big part in our decision. Harder materials will need a more powerful stepper because the cutting bit is being driven into the material.

The WorkBee from Ooznest in the UK which is based on the design. It uses NEMA23 of 175 oz/in. If you check some of the offerings online for 6040 CNC routers you’ll quite often see in the description 57 size motors, which is the metric equivalent of 2.3 inches or NEMA23’s and these usually come with 175-200oz-in motors

If you intended to cut very hard materials then high torque steppers motors will be required usually around 300-400 oz/in and you may need to go up to NEMA34 and you will need a strong frame to support that.

CNC controllers for the DIY machine
Now we know the stepper motors required for our project we can match them to a suitable CNC controller. The controller converts the g-code we’ve created and sends step pulses to the stepper motors. It also takes input signals from the machine such as limit switches and E-stops.

So there are 3 things we need to know:-

Number of Axes. So usually 3 for routers and 4 for a foam cutter
Current and voltage we need to supply to the stepper motors
How do we intend to connect the computer to the CNC controller
Number of Axes
CNC routers can use 3 or 4 axis controllers. There is only 3 planes of movement X, Y and Z but some designs use two stepper motors on one axis. My OX CNC router uses two NEMA 23 motors on the Y-Axis as its a gantry type router. Some move the table bed for the Y-Axis on sliders and only need 1 motor for the Y-Axis. Like a 3d printer bed

How to avoid most common cartridge loading problems of dental x-rays

There are a few basic steps to a good panoramic X-ray that are applied to all X-rays. In addition, there are a number of very common problems, so we'll tell you what they are and how best to solve them.

Step 1: Load the cartridge. 
An extraoral film, consisting of two fluorescent screens, is used for panoramic portable dental x-rays . Each fluorescent screen, when struck by X-rays, forms an image on the film. These screens are 10 to 60 times more sensitive to x-rays than films, so a very low dose of radiation is needed. 
Most common cartridge loading problems: 
A small black spot on the coer of the x-ray.

One of the possible causes is that the cassette is damaged or that the film has been exposed to light. The fastest way to correct it is to replace the damaged cassette. We recommend that the cassettes be checked frequently for light pressure.

Part of the image is not visible on the x-ray. 
The cause of this error is that the radiograph is inverted, but it does not correct the professional dental debris.

White spots on the image. 
If you ever get a whitish X-ray or white spot on the image, it is because the screen is scratched. It is important that you handle the screens carefully and use appropriate cleaning materials for this material to avoid scratches.

Dark marks or excessive brightness. 
This is caused by static electricity. You should remove the film from the cassette. In order to solve this error it is advisable to use humidifiers.

Multiple images. 
Multiple images are produced when there is a double exposure, so it is important that after each exposure, you remove the film.

Many of the newer X ray panoramics automatically set exposure factors by reading a small portion of the X-rays at the onset of exposure. However, with most panoramic machines, exposure must be established based on the patient's age and height. Normally, small, medium, or large icons are used.

Since the patient's bone density does not always match his physical height, the best help is to see the patient's wrists and ankles. Thick wrists can impose a heavy bone density; age is another factor to take into account, and if the patient is toothless and overweight.

See more: https://www.dentalsalemall.com